The advent of CBCT and stereo photogrammetry makes it possible to directly view three-dimensional relationships within the dentofacial complex . Historically, orthodontic diagnosis addressed only three of the six characteristics required for describing the position of the teeth in the face and the orientation of the head. A total description of these relationships is analogous to what is required to describe the position of an airplane in space (Ackerman et al. 2007). Three-dimensional movement in space is defined by translation (forward/backward, up/down, right/left) combined with rotation about three perpendicular axes (pitch, roll and yaw) (F. By adding these rotational axes into the characterization of dentofacial traits, the orthodontist has greater accuracy in description .
The value of systematically enhancing the Angle classification by including transverse and vertical characteristics in addition to anteroposterior relationships for the face and the dentition is universally accepted. Three aeronautical rotational descriptors (pitch, roll, and yaw) are used here to supplement the planar terms (anteroposterior, transverse, and vertical) in describing the orientation of the line of occlusion and the esthetic line of the dentition. Each of the latter traits affects the modern clinical practice of orthodontics because of its greater focus on dentofacial traits beyond the correction of malocclusion. This offers further refinement of diagnostic description and classification.
A complete description is exactly analogous to what is necessary to describe the position of an airplane in space. This records movement in 3D space: translation (forward/backward, up/down, right/left), which must be combined with rotation about 3 perpendicular axes (yaw, pitch, and roll). The introduction of the rotational axes into the description of dentofacial traits (and orthodontic problems) improves significantly the precision of the description and therefore facilitates development of the problem list.
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